![]() When the same reaction is conducted using a boiling stone, the solution darkens during heating (Figure 1.59c) and eventually turns the entire solution a deep purple-brown color (Figure 1.59d).įigure 1.60: a) Reflux apparatus, with arrows indicating the direction of water flow, b) Reflux diagram, c) Incorrect clamping of a reflux apparatus. For example, when a stir bar is used for bump prevention with concentrated sulfuric acid, the solution remains colorless (Figure 1.59b). Boiling stones should not be used when refluxing concentrated solutions of sulfuric or phosphoric acid, as they will colorize the solution. Add a stir bar or few boiling stones for bump prevention.The flask should be no more than half full. Pour the solution to be refluxed into a round bottomed flask, and clamp it to the ring stand or latticework with an extension clamp (Figure 1.59a).Step-by-Step Procedures Figure 1.59: a) Pouring in solution, b) Reaction using a stir bar (solution is colorless), c d) Same reaction using boiling stones. But often the boiling point of the solvent is chosen as the reaction temperature because of its practicality. ![]() \) and if the specific temperature were crucial to the reaction, then specialized heating equipment would be necessary. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |